A cobpobation op west vib



fG. RITTER SHINGLE.

Filed om 2s. 192s 2 shuts-sheet, 1

latentecl .lune 22, 1,926.

UNITEDv STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Groen m'rrnnor wooDBR'IDeE, Nnwmnsnr, assIGNoa'ro THE emma ASPHALT COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A. CORPORATION OF WEST VIB- Gnma SHINGLE.

.', Application ledvOotober 28,1928. Serial No. 670,811.

place, in such a manner that without the use I of any other holding device the shingle will be eiiciently held against removal, but at the same time 1s permitted to expand and contract with changes of temperature, so that buckling of the shingle is avoided.

A further object of the invention is to vprovide a shingle having an underlyin portion or iiap and a correspondingly s aped recess so located that a pair of shingles may be nested or m-ated together in such manner as to present at each side thereof a surface lying in a single plane, whereby a plurality of the shingles may be packed for shipment without any s aces between them, whereby the liability o injury to theshinglcs during transportation is minimized.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in the novel features of construction and combination of4 parts which will be more fully described hereinafter'andv particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings accompanying and form-l ing part of this specification,

Fig. 1 is a 'plan view of a portion of `a 'roof covered with shingles constructed and illustrating a plurality o laid in accordance with the tion; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. .1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a shingle, illus-f trating the same scored to form a ap, the dotted lines indicating thev operative position of the lia'p; I

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on vthe line 4-4of Fi;r

Fig. 5 is agmentary plan view, on a larger scale, showing the underside of a shingle and 4illustrating `the iap secured (in its operative position present inven- 6.6 of Fig. ;Y

Fig. 7 is a side view, partly inA section shingles packe together for shlpment;

*Fig 8 is an underside a modified form of vShing e; and

with a clearancespace of considerable provided for `the head of the fastenin nail;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on t e line 7 'alongthe scored line 6 and pressed lplan viewshowing ybeing 'applied during the presslng operation 11o Fig. 9 is a fragmenta underside lan view of a shingle', illustliting a dilielf'ent form of nail-engaging opening 1n the flap.

The same characters of reference designate the same parts inthe different figures of the drawings. i

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates my improved form of shingle, which may be of the iiexible variet usually made of a belt base saturated and7 coated with bitu-4 U5 minous material and having a mineral surface, or it may be ofthe stiff variety. such as those known as asbestos shingles.

In the presen-t instance the shingle 1 is provided, preferably at one`corner thereof,

with an underlying portion or flap 2,- form- 1ng a double thickness at this int. In the flap 2 1s formed an opening a apted to permit the shingle 1 to engage a suitable fasteningdevice, such as the-usual shingle nail 3, having a head` 4 ofconsiderably grea'ter diameter than the shank. In the form shown 1n Figs. 3 to 6 and 8, the opening 5 is of key-hole form; that is to say, it is of sufcient width at one`portion thereof 8 to permlt the passage of 'the nail head 4 i therethrough, while the remaining portion of the opening is comparatively narrow,-so that when the underlying flap 2 is placed in engagement with the na1l 3 and the shingle l5 1 moved backward until .the shank of said nail is in the narrower portion of the openl ing 5, said lshingle cannot become disengaged/ from said nail. In Fig. 9 I have shown the end or apex, vof the flap 2 cut 9o away to form an open-ended slot 5', by means of which the shingle may be more readily placed in en ement with the nail 3, as will be hereiigiter more fully described. When the shingle 1 is of the flexibleI variety, a convenient 4method'of roviding the underlying ap 2 is to score t /e shingle diagonally acro one corner ther f, as i1- lustrated at 6 in Figs. 3 and 4. t will be 100 seen from said fi res that the 6 is lepth, but leaves su cient material to prevent se aration of the flap 2 from the body of the-s ingle 1. The danger of loss of the Hap 2 before the same 1s se- 105 cured in place is thus avoided. After the' flap 2 has been thus scored off, it 1s beiY on the` underside of the shingle body 1, heat thereby to cause the Hap 2 toiirmly adhere to that portion of the body of the shinolel 1 in contact therewith. Provision is made t0 avoid heating the Hap 2 along the edges of the opening 5 in order to leave that portion of the flap 2 separated from the body of the shingle 1, as illustrated at 7, so as to provide a clearance space for the nail head.

In the case of flexible shingles the flap 2 is' thus securely fastened to the shingle 1 without the use of any adhesive material other than that incorporated in the shingle itself. When the shingle 1 is of the stift1 or asbestos variety, however, it is necessary to insert an adhesive between the flap 2 and the shingle body.

It will be vreadily understood that the invention is not confined to a shingle 1 of any particular shape, but-may be applied to any shingle regardless of its s-hape. For instance, in Fig. 8 the shingle 1' is shown of diamond shape, its fiap 2a being correspondingly modified.

The shingle 1 is formed with a recess 8 disposed diagonally o posite the Hap 2, and this recess corresponds in shape with said flap. One of the objects for which this -re-4 cess 8 is provided is to enable the shingles to be packed together for shipment Without forming any spaces between them. In Fig. 7 is clearly illustrated the manner in which the shingles 1 1 are nested or mated.

vItvw'ill be noted that the iap 2 of one shingle enters the recess 8 of its next adjacent shingle, and vice versa, so that the flaps 2 2 aswell as the shingles 1 1 are prop- `erly protected during transportation. The

recess 8, however, performs still another function, namely, it provides a means for accurately lining up the shingles 1 1 without the necessity of first marking ofi the sheathing of the roof as is usually done, since, when the shin les 1 1 are in their proper relative positlons the side edges of the shingles of the outer course will be in alinement veach with one wall of the recess- 1n the shingles which it overlies, as clearly indicated 1n Fig. 1.

`In order to advoid any uncertainty as to the proper Ipint at which the nail 3 should be lplaced, t e shingle 1` is preferably rovided during its manufacture with a ole 11, so that the carpenter is not left to guess as to the proper point to place the nail 3.

Y Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, 9 designates the wooden sheathing-l to which the shingles are to be nailed. ong the lower edge of said vsheating 9 a starting'strip 10 is nailed, said starting strip being preferably of double thickness and having triangular recesses formed inthe upper layer at the proper distances apart to receive the underlying flaps 2 2 of the first course of shin les 1 1. A nail 3 is driven into said startlng strip's 10 midway between the walls 'in the fold and forminga Y of each of said recesses, the nails, however, not being driven all the way down, a sufficient portion being left projecting above the strip to permit the iaps of tie first course of shingles 1 1 to engage their rcspective nails 3 3 in such a manner that the head 4 of the nail passes into cach space 7 extending along the edges of thc opening in the flap 2. When shingles 1 1 having the forni of opening or slot shown in Fig. 9 are used, each shingle is merely manipulated so that the shank of the nail 3 is guided into the widened end of the slot whereupon said shingle is given a slight pull so as to carry the narrower portion of the slot beneath the head of the nail. The shingle 1 is then straightened so that iis two side corners are in exact alinement with those of the adjacent shingles 1 1 of thc same course, .and a nail 3 is driven through the hole 11, said nail being left partly projecting above the shingle 1 as abovey described in order to engage with the flap 2 of the next overlapping shingle. In'thc case of shingles 1 1 having the keyhole form of opening 5, each shingle 1 is manipulated until the nail head 4 passes through the enlarged ortion of said open' ing, whereupon the s ingle 1 is pulle as to carry the narrower portion of thc opening below the nail head 4 in the manner above described. It will thus be seen that each shingle 1 is securely held in position by the use of two nails 3 3, while it is free to expand and contract without being liable to buckle or otherwise be injured.

I- am aware that it is not new to provide a shingle with a folded under butt or flap. All shingles of thistype, however, with which I am familiar are rovided with other means, such as wires or ands inserted part thereof for holdin them down. invention e iminates t e use of any speclal attachments or accessories, and all that is-required is thc conventional type of large headed roofing nail, which when driven down into the shingle as shown in the drawings, in connection with eitherr of the forms of openin j or slot which I have shown in the corner fo d or flap, provides a practical means for holding down the butt of the shingle and at the same time allowing for lateral or longitudinal expansion, compensating for the difference in Ithe coeicients of expan sion between the shingles and the roof deck, thereby eliminating the cause 'of so-called -buckling of the shin gies. Having thus descri d my invention what I claim is:

loo

1. A point-,down shingle havin a verticall ly disposed, key-hole slot in the ower angular point, said angular point being retroverted and in part adhered to the body por! tion, of the shingle'.

2. A flexible shingle having Va pointdown vertically elongated slot in the lower.

part, said slottedpart being retroverted and in part shingle. i n l 3.. A flexible shingle lmvingonc of its corners` formed with a key-hole slot and retroverted to provide a flap adhesively contacting in part with the body portion of said shingle to afford an intervening clearance for an attaching means.

4. A flexible shingle having one otv its corners formed With an elongated slot and retroverted to provide a flap, said flap adhering in part to the body portion of said shingle thereby affording an intervening enclosure-clearance for the head of an attaching nail.

cornersformed'4 withndhered belmithe mnin lbody ofthe I A 5. A point-down4 4shingle having one of a key-hole slot and' retroverted tol-provide an attaching flapyand" av diagonallyV opposed notch insaid .shingle complen'ientarily configured with respect to the retroverted flap. may Abe evenly compacted forshipment'.

6. A point-downyshingle having one o`f its corners formed with a key-hole slot, and retroverted to provi-de an underfolded flap affording a'clearance surrounding said keyhole slot, and a complementarily configured recess diagonally opposed to the aforesaid underfolded flap, for the purposes set forth.

Signed at Woodbridge in the county of Middlesex and State of 22nd day of October, A. D. 1923.

GEORGE RITTER.

whereby the shingles.'4

New Jersey this i 

